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沖壓件與鑄件具有的特點

沖壓(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)與鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、鍛件(jian)(jian)(jian)相比，具有薄、勻、輕、強的(de)特點。沖壓(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)可制(zhi)出其他方(fang)法(fa)難于(yu)制(zhi)造的(de)帶有加(jia)(jia)(jia)強筋、肋、起伏或翻(fan)邊的(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，以(yi)提高其剛性。由于(yu)采(cai)用模具，工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)精度可達微米(mi)級，且重復、規格一致，可以(yi)沖壓(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)出孔窩、凸臺等(deng)。沖壓(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)是靠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)機和模具對板材(cai)(cai)、帶材(cai)(cai)、管(guan)材(cai)(cai)和型(xing)材(cai)(cai)等(deng)施(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)外力(li)，使之產生(sheng)塑(su)性變形(xing)或分離(li)，從而獲(huo)得(de)所(suo)需形(xing)狀和尺寸的(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(沖壓(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian))的(de)成(cheng)形(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)。沖壓(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和鍛造同屬(shu)塑(su)性加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(或稱(cheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong))，合稱(cheng)鍛壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。沖壓(ya)(ya)(ya)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)坯料主要是熱(re)軋(ya)和冷軋(ya)的(de)鋼(gang)板和鋼(gang)帶。

沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)件(jian)(jian)一般不再經(jing)切(qie)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，或僅需要(yao)(yao)少量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。熱沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)件(jian)(jian)精(jing)度和(he)(he)(he)表面狀態低于(yu)(yu)冷沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)件(jian)(jian)，但仍優于(yu)(yu)鑄件(jian)(jian)、鍛件(jian)(jian)，切(qie)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)量(liang)(liang)少。沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)主要(yao)(yao)是按(an)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)分類(lei)，可分為分離(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序和(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)形工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序兩大(da)類(lei)。分離(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序也稱沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)裁(cai)，其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是使沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)件(jian)(jian)沿(yan)   輪廓線從板料(liao)上(shang)分離(li)(li)，同時分離(li)(li)斷面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)求。成(cheng)形工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是使板料(liao)在(zai)(zai)不破坯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下發生塑性變形，制(zhi)成(cheng)所需形狀和(he)(he)(he)尺寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際生產(chan)(chan)中，常(chang)常(chang)是多種工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序綜(zong)合應用于(yu)(yu)一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)。沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)裁(cai)、彎曲、剪切(qie)、拉(la)深、脹形、旋壓(ya)、矯正是幾(ji)種主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)用板料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面和(he)(he)(he)內在(zai)(zai)性能對沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)成(cheng)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)影響(xiang)很大(da)，要(yao)(yao)求沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)材(cai)料(liao)厚度   、均(jun)勻(yun)；表面光(guang)潔，、無(wu)疤、無(wu)擦傷、無(wu)表面裂紋等(deng)；屈服強(qiang)度均(jun)勻(yun)，無(wu)明顯方向性；均(jun)勻(yun)延伸率(lv)高(gao)；屈強(qiang)比低；加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)硬化性低。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際生產(chan)(chan)中，常(chang)用與沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)過程近似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)性試(shi)驗，如拉(la)深性能試(shi)驗、脹形性能試(shi)驗等(deng)檢驗材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)性能，以成(cheng)品質量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合格率(lv)。